OLED Display Module 1.8"

Hace tiempo me decanté por este módulo OLED 1.8" súper fácil de programar, es él NHD-1.8-160128UBC3 de Newhaven Display, en otro post explico como funciona el controlador SSD1353 que incorpora. Descubrí este tipo de display por este proyecto; Sir Box-a-Lot: an 8-bit Sokoban clone hecho por lcamtuf el cual me sorprendió su trabajo.

A continuación muestro un diagrama esquemático usando el display con un AVR128DA28, las conexiones establecidas al módulo lo configuran para trabajar en 8-bit 8080 Parallel Interface como los clásicos LCD 16x2.

Note

Las conexiones para que funcione el MCU son ignoradas a propósito con la intención de simplificar el diagrama para centrarnos en el funcionamiento del módulo.

Para poder montar de forma más cómoda y limpia el módulo al breadboard, mandé hacer una PCB muy simple que hace de adaptador de 2x10 a 1x20 pines. Aquí tienes el diseño en KiCAD para descargar.

Programarlo en el AVR128DA28 es muy fácil, te dejo el código fuente:

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#include <avr/io.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

#define DISPLAY_CTRL            PORTC
#define DISPLAY_DATA            VPORTD
#define DISPLAY_CTRL_DC         0x00 // PIN4 PC0
#define DISPLAY_CTRL_WR         0x01 // PIN6 PC1
#define DISPLAY_CTRL_RST        0x02 // PIN5 PC2

#define DISPLAY_CONTRAST        0x87
#define DISPLAY_DIM_MODE        0xAB
#define DISPLAY_HEIGHT          0x80 // 128 pixels
#define DISPLAY_MULTIPLEX_RATIO 0xA8
#define DISPLAY_NORMAL_MODE     0xA4
#define DISPLAY_OFF             0xAE
#define DISPLAY_OFFSET          0xA2
#define DISPLAY_ON              0xAF
#define DISPLAY_RESET           0xE2
#define DISPLAY_SET_COLUMN      0x15
#define DISPLAY_SET_ROW         0x75
#define DISPLAY_START_LINE      0xA1
#define DISPLAY_WIDTH           0xA0 // 160 pixels
#define DISPLAY_WRITE           0x5C

#define COLOR_RD       0xF800 // Red
#define COLOR_OR       0xFD20 // Orange
#define COLOR_GN       0x07E0 // Green
#define COLOR_GN_DARK  0x0200 // Green
#define COLOR_BL       0x001F // Blue
#define COLOR_YL       0xFFE0 // Yellow
#define COLOR_WH       0xFFFF // White
#define COLOR_BK       0x0000 // Black
#define COLOR_GY_DARK  0x7BEF // Grey
#define COLOR_GY_LIGHT 0xC618 // Grey
#define COLOR_PP       0x780F // Purple
#define COLOR_BR       0xA145 // Brown

const uint8_t FONT_LINE_HEIGHT = 10;

const uint8_t FONT[][5] PROGMEM = {
  {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}, // 0x20 ' '
  {0x00,0x00,0x5F,0x00,0x00}, // 0x21 '!'
  {0x00,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x00}, // 0x22 '"'
  {0x14,0x7F,0x14,0x7F,0x14}, // 0x23 '#'
  {0x24,0x2A,0x7F,0x2A,0x12}, // 0x24 '$'
  {0x23,0x13,0x08,0x64,0x62}, // 0x25 '%'
  {0x36,0x49,0x55,0x22,0x50}, // 0x26 '&'
  {0x00,0x05,0x03,0x00,0x00}, // 0x27 '''
  {0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x41,0x00}, // 0x28 '('
  {0x00,0x41,0x22,0x1C,0x00}, // 0x29 ')'
  {0x14,0x08,0x3E,0x08,0x14}, // 0x2A '*'
  {0x08,0x08,0x3E,0x08,0x08}, // 0x2B '+'
  {0x00,0x50,0x30,0x00,0x00}, // 0x2C ','
  {0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08}, // 0x2D '-'
  {0x00,0x60,0x60,0x00,0x00}, // 0x2E '.'
  {0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02}, // 0x2F '/'
  {0x3E,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x3E}, // 0x30 '0'
  {0x00,0x42,0x7F,0x40,0x00}, // 0x31 '1'
  {0x42,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x46}, // 0x32 '2'
  {0x21,0x41,0x45,0x4B,0x31}, // 0x33 '3'
  {0x18,0x14,0x12,0x7F,0x10}, // 0x34 '4'
  {0x27,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x39}, // 0x35 '5'
  {0x3C,0x4A,0x49,0x49,0x30}, // 0x36 '6'
  {0x01,0x71,0x09,0x05,0x03}, // 0x37 '7'
  {0x36,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36}, // 0x38 '8'
  {0x06,0x49,0x49,0x29,0x1E}, // 0x39 '9'
  {0x00,0x36,0x36,0x00,0x00}, // 0x3A ':'
  {0x00,0x56,0x36,0x00,0x00}, // 0x3B ';'
  {0x08,0x14,0x22,0x41,0x00}, // 0x3C '<'
  {0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14}, // 0x3D '='
  {0x00,0x41,0x22,0x14,0x08}, // 0x3E '>'
  {0x02,0x01,0x51,0x09,0x06}, // 0x3F '?'
  {0x32,0x49,0x79,0x41,0x3E}, // 0x40 '@'
  {0x7E,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x7E}, // 0x41 'A'
  {0x7F,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36}, // 0x42 'B'
  {0x3E,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x22}, // 0x43 'C'
  {0x7F,0x41,0x41,0x22,0x1C}, // 0x44 'D'
  {0x7F,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x41}, // 0x45 'E'
  {0x7F,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x01}, // 0x46 'F'
  {0x3E,0x41,0x49,0x49,0x7A}, // 0x47 'G'
  {0x7F,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x7F}, // 0x48 'H'
  {0x00,0x41,0x7F,0x41,0x00}, // 0x49 'I'
  {0x20,0x40,0x41,0x3F,0x01}, // 0x4A 'J'
  {0x7F,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x41}, // 0x4B 'K'
  {0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40}, // 0x4C 'L'
  {0x7F,0x02,0x0C,0x02,0x7F}, // 0x4D 'M'
  {0x7F,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x7F}, // 0x4E 'N'
  {0x3E,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x3E}, // 0x4F 'O'
  {0x7F,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x06}, // 0x50 'P'
  {0x3E,0x41,0x51,0x21,0x5E}, // 0x51 'Q'
  {0x7F,0x09,0x19,0x29,0x46}, // 0x52 'R'
  {0x46,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x31}, // 0x53 'S'
  {0x01,0x01,0x7F,0x01,0x01}, // 0x54 'T'
  {0x3F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x3F}, // 0x55 'U'
  {0x1F,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x1F}, // 0x56 'V'
  {0x7F,0x20,0x18,0x20,0x7F}, // 0x57 'W'
  {0x63,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x63}, // 0x58 'X'
  {0x03,0x04,0x78,0x04,0x03}, // 0x59 'Y'
  {0x61,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x43}, // 0x5A 'Z'
  {0x00,0x7F,0x41,0x41,0x00}, // 0x5B '['
  {0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20}, // 0x5C '\'
  {0x00,0x41,0x41,0x7F,0x00}, // 0x5D ']'
  {0x04,0x02,0x01,0x02,0x04}, // 0x5E '^'
  {0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40}, // 0x5F '_'
  {0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x00}, // 0x60 '`'
  {0x20,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x78}, // 0x61 'a'
  {0x7F,0x48,0x44,0x44,0x38}, // 0x62 'b'
  {0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x20}, // 0x63 'c'
  {0x38,0x44,0x44,0x48,0x7F}, // 0x64 'd'
  {0x38,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x18}, // 0x65 'e'
  {0x08,0x7E,0x09,0x01,0x02}, // 0x66 'f'
  {0x0C,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x3E}, // 0x67 'g'
  {0x7F,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78}, // 0x68 'h'
  {0x00,0x44,0x7D,0x40,0x00}, // 0x69 'i'
  {0x20,0x40,0x44,0x3D,0x00}, // 0x6A 'j'
  {0x7F,0x10,0x28,0x44,0x00}, // 0x6B 'k'
  {0x00,0x41,0x7F,0x40,0x00}, // 0x6C 'l'
  {0x7C,0x04,0x18,0x04,0x78}, // 0x6D 'm'
  {0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78}, // 0x6E 'n'
  {0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x38}, // 0x6F 'o'
  {0x7C,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x08}, // 0x70 'p'
  {0x08,0x14,0x14,0x18,0x7C}, // 0x71 'q'
  {0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x08}, // 0x72 'r'
  {0x48,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x20}, // 0x73 's'
  {0x04,0x3F,0x44,0x40,0x20}, // 0x74 't'
  {0x3C,0x40,0x40,0x20,0x7C}, // 0x75 'u'
  {0x1C,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x1C}, // 0x76 'v'
  {0x3C,0x40,0x30,0x40,0x3C}, // 0x77 'w'
  {0x44,0x28,0x10,0x28,0x44}, // 0x78 'x'
  {0x0C,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x3C}, // 0x79 'y'
  {0x44,0x64,0x54,0x4C,0x44}, // 0x7A 'z'
  {0x00,0x08,0x36,0x41,0x00}, // 0x7B '{'
  {0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x00,0x00}, // 0x7C '|'
  {0x00,0x41,0x36,0x08,0x00}, // 0x7D '}'
  {0x08,0x08,0x2A,0x1C,0x08}, // 0x7E '~'
};

void clk_init(void) {
  CCP = CCP_IOREG_gc;                         // Disable Configuration Change Protected register.
  CLKCTRL.OSCHFCTRLA = CLKCTRL_FRQSEL_24M_gc; // Configure to 24Mhz.
}

void display_reset(void) {
  _delay_ms(50);
  DISPLAY_CTRL.OUTCLR = _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_RST);
  _delay_ms(1);
  DISPLAY_CTRL.OUTSET = _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_RST);
  _delay_ms(50);
}

void display_cmd(uint8_t cmd) {
  DISPLAY_CTRL.OUTCLR = _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_DC) | _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_WR);
  DISPLAY_DATA.OUT    = cmd;
  DISPLAY_CTRL.OUTSET = _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_WR);
  DISPLAY_CTRL.OUTSET = _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_DC);
}

void display_data(uint8_t data) {
  DISPLAY_CTRL.OUTCLR = _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_WR);
  DISPLAY_DATA.OUT    = data;
  DISPLAY_CTRL.OUTSET = _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_WR);
}

void display_region(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t xlen, uint8_t ylen) {
  display_cmd(DISPLAY_SET_COLUMN);
  display_data(x); display_data(x + xlen - 1);
  display_cmd(DISPLAY_SET_ROW);
  display_data(y); display_data(y + ylen - 1);
  display_cmd(DISPLAY_WRITE);
}

void display_clear(void) {
  uint8_t x, y;
  display_region(0, 0, DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT);
  for (y = 0; y < DISPLAY_HEIGHT; y++) {
    for (x = 0; x < DISPLAY_WIDTH; x++) {
      display_data(0x00); display_data(0x00);
    }
  }
}

void display_setup(void) {
  DISPLAY_CTRL.DIR = _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_DC) | _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_RST) | _BV(DISPLAY_CTRL_WR);
  DISPLAY_DATA.DIR = 0xFF;
  DISPLAY_DATA.OUT = 0x00;
}

void display_brightness(uint8_t level) {
  if (level > 0x0F) level = 0x0F;
  display_cmd(DISPLAY_CONTRAST);
  display_data(level);
}

void display_init(void) {
  display_setup();
  display_reset();
  display_cmd(DISPLAY_OFF);
  display_cmd(DISPLAY_RESET);
  display_reset();
  display_cmd(0xA8); display_data(0x7F); // MUX ratio.
  display_cmd(0xA2); display_data(0x00); // Set display offset.
  display_cmd(0xA1); display_data(0x00); // Set display start line.
  display_cmd(0xA4);                     // Set display in Normal mode.
  display_cmd(0xA0); display_data(0x74); // Set Re-map, color depth.
  display_cmd(0x81); display_data(0x75); // Set Contrast for color"A" segment. Red contrast set for VCC:17V.
  display_cmd(0x82); display_data(0x60); // Set Contrast for color"B" segment. Green contrast set for VCC:17V.
  display_cmd(0x83); display_data(0x6A); // Set Contrast for color"C" segment. // Blue contrast set for VCC:17V.
  display_cmd(0x87); display_data(0x0F); // Master Contrast Current Control. Reset value for VCC:17V.
  display_cmd(0xB9);                     // Use linear grayscale table.
  display_cmd(0xB1); display_data(0x22); // Set Phase1 and phase2 period adjustment.
  display_cmd(0xB3); display_data(0x40); // Set Display Clock Divide Ratio (internal clock selection).
  display_cmd(0xBB); display_data(0x08); // Set Pre-charge Voltage.
  display_cmd(0xBE); display_data(0x2F); // Set VCOMH.
  display_clear();
  display_cmd(DISPLAY_ON);
}

void display_pixel(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint16_t color) {
  display_region(x, y, x, y);
  display_cmd(DISPLAY_WRITE);
  display_data(color >> 8);
  display_data(color & 0xFF);
}

void ui_line(uint8_t x0, uint8_t y0, uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint16_t color) {
  int dx = abs(x1 - x0), sx = x0 < x1 ? 1 : -1;
  int dy = -abs(y1 - y0), sy = y0 < y1 ? 1 : -1;
  int err = dx + dy, e2;

  while (1) {
    display_pixel(x0, y0, color);
    if (x0 == x1 && y0 == y1) break;
    e2 = 2 * err;
    if (e2 >= dy) { err += dy; x0 += sx; }
    if (e2 <= dx) { err += dx; y0 += sy; }
  }
}

void ui_char(uint8_t x0, uint8_t y0, uint16_t color, uint8_t scale, char c) {
  if (c < 0x20 || c > 0x7E) return;
  const uint8_t* glyph = FONT[c - 0x20];

  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    uint8_t line = pgm_read_byte(&glyph[i]);
    for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 7; j++) {
      uint16_t pixelColor = (line & (1 << j)) ? color : COLOR_BK;
      for (uint8_t dy = 0; dy < scale; dy++) {
        for (uint8_t dx = 0; dx < scale; dx++) {
          display_pixel(x0 + i * scale + dx, y0 + j * scale + dy, pixelColor);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void ui_text(uint8_t x0, uint8_t y0, uint16_t color, uint8_t scale, const char* str) {
  while (*str) {
    ui_char(x0, y0, color, scale, *str);
    x0 += (5 + 1) * scale;
    str++;
  }
}

int main(void) {
  clk_init();
  display_init();
  display_brightness(8);

  while (1) {
      display_clear();
      ui_text(0, 55, COLOR_OR, 2, "Hello screen");
      _delay_ms(1000);
  }

  return 0;
}

Para compilarlo deberá ejecutar el siguiente comando:

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avr-gcc -mmcu=avr128da28 \
	-DF_CPU=24000000UL \
	-g -Os -std=gnu99 -Wall -o main.elf *.c
avr-objcopy -O ihex  main.elf main.hex

Para subir el programa al microcontrolador, deberá ejecutar el siguiente comando:

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avrdude -c serialupdi -p avr128da28 -P /dev/tty.usbserial-2110 -e -F

Si todo fue bien, podrá disfrutar del dosplay.