LCD Display module (Nokia 5110)

Note

Sigo trabajando en mejorar y terminar el artículo. De momento esta incompleto.

El módulo Nokia 5110 es un LCD monocromático que consume muy poco y es o fue muy popular, su pantalla permite 84x48 pixel. Usa originalmente el controlador PCD8544 que se comunica usando el protocolo SPI, se alimenta usando 3.3V.

Entre sus clones, están los controladores AiP31567 y ST7567. Aún me queda por verificar.

A continuación muestro un diagrama esquemático usando el display con un AVR128DA28:

La conexión del LED a 3V3 es opcional.

Note

Las conexiones para que funcione el MCU son ignoradas a propósito con la intención de simplificar el diagrama para centrarnos en el funcionamiento del módulo.

El código fuente que se muestra a continuación usa los puertos SPI0 que trae el AVR128DA28, por eso la conexión entre el LCD y el MCU es bastante cruzada.

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#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <stdint.h>

static const uint8_t font5x7[][5] = {
    {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}, // 32  
    {0x00,0x00,0x5F,0x00,0x00}, // 33 !
    {0x00,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x00}, // 34 "
    {0x14,0x7F,0x14,0x7F,0x14}, // 35 #
    {0x24,0x2A,0x7F,0x2A,0x12}, // 36 $
    {0x23,0x13,0x08,0x64,0x62}, // 37 %
    {0x36,0x49,0x55,0x22,0x50}, // 38 &
    {0x00,0x05,0x03,0x00,0x00}, // 39 '
    {0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x41,0x00}, // 40 (
    {0x00,0x41,0x22,0x1C,0x00}, // 41 )
    {0x14,0x08,0x3E,0x08,0x14}, // 42 *
    {0x08,0x08,0x3E,0x08,0x08}, // 43 +
    {0x00,0x50,0x30,0x00,0x00}, // 44 ,
    {0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08}, // 45 -
    {0x00,0x60,0x60,0x00,0x00}, // 46 .
    {0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02}, // 47 /
    {0x3E,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x3E}, // 48 0
    {0x00,0x42,0x7F,0x40,0x00}, // 49 1
    {0x42,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x46}, // 50 2
    {0x21,0x41,0x45,0x4B,0x31}, // 51 3
    {0x18,0x14,0x12,0x7F,0x10}, // 52 4
    {0x27,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x39}, // 53 5
    {0x3C,0x4A,0x49,0x49,0x30}, // 54 6
    {0x01,0x71,0x09,0x05,0x03}, // 55 7
    {0x36,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36}, // 56 8
    {0x06,0x49,0x49,0x29,0x1E}, // 57 9
    {0x00,0x36,0x36,0x00,0x00}, // 58 :
    {0x00,0x56,0x36,0x00,0x00}, // 59 ;
    {0x08,0x14,0x22,0x41,0x00}, // 60 <
    {0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14}, // 61 =
    {0x00,0x41,0x22,0x14,0x08}, // 62 >
    {0x02,0x01,0x51,0x09,0x06}, // 63 ?
    {0x32,0x49,0x79,0x41,0x3E}, // 64 @
    {0x7E,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x7E}, // 65 A
    {0x7F,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36}, // 66 B
    {0x3E,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x22}, // 67 C
    {0x7F,0x41,0x41,0x22,0x1C}, // 68 D
    {0x7F,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x41}, // 69 E
    {0x7F,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x01}, // 70 F
    {0x3E,0x41,0x49,0x49,0x7A}, // 71 G
    {0x7F,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x7F}, // 72 H
    {0x00,0x41,0x7F,0x41,0x00}, // 73 I
    {0x20,0x40,0x41,0x3F,0x01}, // 74 J
    {0x7F,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x41}, // 75 K
    {0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40}, // 76 L
    {0x7F,0x02,0x0C,0x02,0x7F}, // 77 M
    {0x7F,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x7F}, // 78 N
    {0x3E,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x3E}, // 79 O
    {0x7F,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x06}, // 80 P
    {0x3E,0x41,0x51,0x21,0x5E}, // 81 Q
    {0x7F,0x09,0x19,0x29,0x46}, // 82 R
    {0x46,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x31}, // 83 S
    {0x01,0x01,0x7F,0x01,0x01}, // 84 T
    {0x3F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x3F}, // 85 U
    {0x1F,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x1F}, // 86 V
    {0x3F,0x40,0x38,0x40,0x3F}, // 87 W
    {0x63,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x63}, // 88 X
    {0x07,0x08,0x70,0x08,0x07}, // 89 Y
    {0x61,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x43}, // 90 Z
    {0x00,0x7F,0x41,0x41,0x00}, // 91 [
    {0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20}, // 92 '\'
    {0x00,0x41,0x41,0x7F,0x00}, // 93 ]
    {0x04,0x02,0x01,0x02,0x04}, // 94 ^
    {0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40}, // 95 _
    {0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x00}, // 96 `
    {0x20,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x78}, // 97 a
    {0x7F,0x48,0x44,0x44,0x38}, // 98 b
    {0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x20}, // 99 c
    {0x38,0x44,0x44,0x48,0x7F}, //100 d
    {0x38,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x18}, //101 e
    {0x08,0x7E,0x09,0x01,0x02}, //102 f
    {0x0C,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x3E}, //103 g
    {0x7F,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78}, //104 h
    {0x00,0x44,0x7D,0x40,0x00}, //105 i
    {0x20,0x40,0x44,0x3D,0x00}, //106 j
    {0x7F,0x10,0x28,0x44,0x00}, //107 k
    {0x00,0x41,0x7F,0x40,0x00}, //108 l
    {0x7C,0x04,0x18,0x04,0x78}, //109 m
    {0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78}, //110 n
    {0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x38}, //111 o
    {0x7C,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x08}, //112 p
    {0x08,0x14,0x14,0x18,0x7C}, //113 q
    {0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x08}, //114 r
    {0x48,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x20}, //115 s
    {0x04,0x3F,0x44,0x40,0x20}, //116 t
    {0x3C,0x40,0x40,0x20,0x7C}, //117 u
    {0x1C,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x1C}, //118 v
    {0x3C,0x40,0x30,0x40,0x3C}, //119 w
    {0x44,0x28,0x10,0x28,0x44}, //120 x
    {0x0C,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x3C}, //121 y
    {0x44,0x64,0x54,0x4C,0x44}, //122 z
    {0x00,0x08,0x36,0x41,0x00}, //123 {
    {0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x00,0x00}, //124 |
    {0x00,0x41,0x36,0x08,0x00}, //125 }
    {0x08,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x08}, //126 ~
    {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}  //127
};

static inline void spi_init(void) {
    PORTA.DIRSET = PIN4_bm | PIN6_bm | PIN7_bm;
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN7_bm;
    PORTA.OUTCLR = PIN6_bm;

    SPI0.CTRLA = SPI_ENABLE_bm | SPI_MASTER_bm | SPI_CLK2X_bm | SPI_PRESC_DIV16_gc;
    SPI0.CTRLB = SPI_MODE_0_gc;
}
static inline uint8_t spi_tx(uint8_t v) {
    SPI0.DATA = v;
    while(!(SPI0.INTFLAGS & SPI_IF_bm)) {;}
    return SPI0.DATA;
}

static inline void display_cmd(uint8_t c) {
    PORTA.OUTCLR = PIN2_bm;
    PORTA.OUTCLR = PIN7_bm;
    spi_tx(c);
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN7_bm;
}
static inline void display_data(uint8_t d) {
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN2_bm;
    PORTA.OUTCLR = PIN7_bm;
    spi_tx(d);
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN7_bm;
}
static inline void display_set_xy(uint8_t x, uint8_t y) {
    display_cmd(0x80 | (x & 0x7F));
    display_cmd(0x40 | (y & 0x07));
}
static void display_reset_gpio_init(void) {
    PORTA.DIRSET = PIN1_bm | PIN2_bm;
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN1_bm;
    _delay_ms(1);
    PORTA.OUTCLR = PIN1_bm; _delay_ms(5);
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN1_bm; _delay_ms(5);
}
static void display_init(void) {
    spi_init();
    display_reset_gpio_init();
    display_cmd(0x21);
    display_cmd(0xB1);
    display_cmd(0x04);
    display_cmd(0x14);
    display_cmd(0x20);
    display_cmd(0x0C);
}
static void display_clear(void) {
    display_set_xy(0,0);
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN2_bm;
    PORTA.OUTCLR = PIN7_bm;
    for(uint16_t i=0;i<504;i++)
        spi_tx(0x00);
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN7_bm;
}

static void display_char(char c) {
    if (c < 32 || (uint8_t)c > 127)
        c = '?';
    const uint8_t *g = font5x7[c - 32];
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN2_bm;
    PORTA.OUTCLR = PIN7_bm;
    for (uint8_t i=0;i<5;i++)
        spi_tx(g[i]);
    spi_tx(0x00);
    PORTA.OUTSET = PIN7_bm;
}

static void display_print(const char *s) {
    while(*s)
        display_char(*s++);
}

int main(void) {
    display_init();
    display_clear();
    display_set_xy(0,0);
    display_print("PCD8544");

    while(1){}
}